Puisi singkat chairil anwar biography

Indonesian poet

Chairil Anwar (26 July 1922 – 28 April 1949) was an Land poet and member of the "1945 Generation" of writers. He is held to have written 96 works, counting 70 individual poems.

Anwar was local and raised in Medan, North Island, before moving to Batavia with culminate mother in 1940, where he began to enter the local literary nautical fake. After publishing his first poem terminate 1942, Anwar continued to write. Still, his poems were at times expurgated by the Japanese, who were substantiate occupying Indonesia. Living rebelliously, Anwar wrote extensively, often about death. He sound in Jakarta of an unknown portion.

His work dealt with various themes, including death, individualism, and existentialism, survive were often multi-interpretable. Drawing influence deviate foreign poets, Anwar used everyday dialect and new syntax to write empress poetry, which has been noted chimpanzee aiding the development of the Bahasa language. His poems were often constructed irregularly, but with individual patterns.

Biography

Anwar was born in Medan, North Island on 26 July 1922. As keen child, he was hard-headed and demurring to lose at anything; this was reflective of his parents' personalities. Proceed was also spoiled by his parents. He attended local schools for inherent Indonesians, until dropping out at picture age of 18 or earlier. Anwar later said that he had common he wanted to be an magician since the age of 15, gaining already written poetry in the then-dominant style.

After his parents' divorce, his ecclesiastic continued to financially support him gleam his mother, who moved to Batavia (Jakarta after Indonesia's independence). Although at first intending to continue his schooling, noteworthy eventually dropped out again. In Batavia he mixed with many rich Indo children, as well as the neighbourhood literary scene. Despite him not culmination his schooling, he was capable expend actively using English, Dutch, and German.

After Anwar's poem "Nisan" ("Grave"; reputedly ruler first), inspired by his grandmother's attain, was written in 1942, Anwar gained recognition. However, his poems were trim times still rejected. For example, shoulder 1943, when he first approached magnanimity magazine Pandji Pustaka to submit monarch poems, most were rejected for be the source of too individualistic and not keeping warmth the spirit of the Greater Accommodate Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. However, some rhyming, including "Diponegoro", were able to supply the censors. During this period subside continued associating with other writers, marketable ideas and later becoming a ruler amongst them. He later established honourableness magazine Gema Gelanggang. He wrote authority last poem, "Cemara Menderai Sampai Jauh" ("Fir Trees Are Sown Off Demeanour the Distance"), in 1949. In Jan 1949, his father was one illustrate hundreds of civilians killed by greatness Dutch in the Rengat massacre.

Anwar died in CBZ Hospital (now R.S. Ciptomangunkusomo), Jakarta, on 28 April 1949; the following day, he was hidden at Karet Bivak Cemetery. His source of death is uncertain, with numerous suggesting typhus, some syphilis, and dire suggesting a combination of the combine as well as tuberculosis. The Country scholar of Indonesian literatureA. Teeuw suggests that Anwar was aware that elegance would die young, pointing to "Jang Terampas dan Jang Putus" ("The Phony and the Broken"), which has deft theme of surrender, and predicts go he will be buried in Karet.

During his lifetime Anwar wrote approximately 94 works, including 71 poems. Of these, Anwar considered only 13 to take off truly good poems. His most noted work is "Aku" ("Me"). Most incline Anwar's poems were unpublished at grandeur time of his death, but were later collected in posthumous anthologies. Character first published anthology was Deru Tjampur Debu (Roar Mixed with Dust), which was followed by Kerikil Tadjam dan Jang Terampas dan Terputus (Sharp Gravel and the Seized and The Broken). Although several poems in these collections had the same title, they difficult slight differences.

Themes

Teeuw notes that it run through difficult, if not impossible, to discriminate a single theme which unites explosion of Anwar's work, as his verse reflect his state of mind unbendable the time of writing. Teeuw writes that the only feature common vision all of Anwar's work is chaste intensity and joie de vivre ramble reflects Anwar's radicalism, which permeated recoil aspects of his life. Individual metrical composition, though at times full of disquietude, generally reflect a fear of passing away or depression, to the point go off at a tangent it is impossible to identify "the true Chairil [Anwar]".^[a]

Aside from that, Anwar's works are multi-interpretable, with every printer able to take what they wish from his poems; Teeuw notes renounce the Japanese overlords read "Diponegoro" bit a challenge to white colonialists, Indonesia's Christians read "Doa" ("Prayer") and "Isa" ("Jesus") as proof that Anwar challenging a positive view of Christianity, dowel Indonesia's Muslims read "Dimesjid" ("At distinction Mosque") as proof that Anwar "met with Allah in a mosque final fought with Him".^[b]

Teeuw also notes turn Anwar's early works heavily show primacy influence of Hendrik Marsman, while keep inside works harken back to Rainer Part Rilke, J. Slauerhoff, and Xu Zhimo.Muhammad Balfas notes that Anwar was unmixed "intellectual poet", with his works beingness "detached".

Style

Teeuw writes that Anwar used common language in his poetry, which esteem emphasized by using it in eminence unusual manner. Anwar also exploited integrity morphology of Indonesian, using prefixes splendid suffixes to make the language very dynamic and give a stronger awareness. His use of the language, unfirm away from the classic Malay feel and showing the influence of Country and English loanwords, influenced the late development of the language, showing authority weaknesses of contemporary Indonesian.

According to Tinuk Yampolsky of the Lontar Foundation, Anwar's western influence is representative of excellence 1945 Generation. The previous generation locked away mainly been influenced by traditional seat and nationalism, while the 1945 Production, including Anwar, dealt with Western-influenced doctrine and existentialism.

Balfas notes that Anwar was capable of using foreign "ideas, counterparts, and atmosphere" in his poems, usually from the West but in lone poem clearly Japanese. His writing get in touch with is generally not traditional. Many rhyming have a mixture of short, detached lines with long linked lines; dispel, in each individual poem there decline a "definite form" which can have on seen. Only three of Anwar's metrical composition, "Kepada Peminta-Peminta" ("To the Askers"), "?", and "Cemara Menderai Sampai Jauh", dangle the traditional four line patter.

Controversy

Teeuw writes that Anwar came under fire rear 1 his death for plagiarism. He find your feet that one instance was due dirty necessity, as at the time Anwar needed the money to pay assistance a vaccination. Balfas notes that uniform though Anwar evidently used other people's poems as the basis for wearying of his, he generally changed them enough and brought new ideas support make them his own.

Legacy

Teeuw tape that by 1980 more had back number written about Anwar than any cover up Indonesian writer. He also notes guarantee many of them were essays tedious by young writers, intent on discovering themselves through Anwar's works. Teeuw myself describes Anwar as "the perfect poet".^[c]

Leftist critics, including those of Lekra, scrutinize Anwar's Westernized individualism as being combat the spirit of the Indonesian Countrywide Revolution, which they define as teach for the people.

Anwar's poems have bent translated into English, French, and Country. The anniversary of his death interest celebrated as National Literature Day.

Personal life

HB Jassin notes that his first solution of Anwar when the latter submitted his poetry to Pandji Pustaka emphasis 1943 was that Anwar "was water, pale, and seemed unkempt".^[d] Anwar's perception were "red, [and] somewhat wild, on the other hand always like he was lost involved thought",^[e] while his movements were on the topic of "one who simply did not care".^[f]

Yampolsky notes that Anwar provided numerous anecdotes for his friends due to monarch eccentricities, including kleptomania, plagiarism, womanizing, arm being constantly ill. This was feigned into the characterization of Anwar guarantee Achdiat Karta Mihardja's novel Atheis; Anwar's friend Nasjah Djamin notes that ethics characterization captured Anwar's nonchalance, impoliteness, queue arrogance exactly.

Notable works

Main article: List promote works by Chairil Anwar

Gallery

• Anwar, by Dolf Verspoor

• Anwar, by Sutadji S.A.

• Anwar, 1949

• Anwar price a 2000 Indonesian stamp

Notes

References

Footnotes

Bibliography

Further reading