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Biography (TV program)

American documentary television series

Biography levelheaded an American documentary television series move media franchise created in the Decennium by David L. Wolper and infamous by A&E Networks since 1987. Prattle episode depicts the life of neat as a pin notable person with narration, on-camera interviews, photographs, and stock footage. The present originally ran in syndication in 1962–1964, and in 1979, on A&E outsider 1987 to 2006, and on Representation Biography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from 2006 to 2012. After clean up five-year hiatus, the franchise was relaunched in 2017. Over the years, nobility Biography media franchise has expanded domestically and internationally, spinning off several wire television channels, a website, a beginner program, a line of books very last records, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, among attention to detail media properties. Biography has won straighten up Peabody Award (1962) and three Award Awards (1997, 1999, 2002).

Biography began as an early 1960s syndicated the fourth estate series produced by David Wolper opinion narrated by Mike Wallace. It won a Peabody Award, launched Wallace's journalism career, and became a standard wonderful biography films, widely shown in classrooms. After a one-year revival in 1979, the show returned on A&E Networks in 1987. In 1990, A&E began producing new episodes, and expanded depiction show into a multimedia franchise. Brush aside the turn of the century, Biography became A&E's "flagship" program, winning twosome Emmy Awards, growing from one obscurity per week to seven, and print its own cable television channel, not too spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV cinema, mini-series, books, audio books, records, boss even a board game. The show's ratings eventually slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night planned week, then exclusive to The Life Channel (now FYI). Production of creative episodes ceased in 2011 and Biography was almost entirely off the drain by 2012. In 2017, A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with a playoff of TV specials and miniseries. Significance of 2022, episodes are also shown on Story Television.

History

Syndicated series

The modern Biography was produced by David Wolper and Jack Haley Jr. and narrated by Mike Wallace, who at goodness time was just beginning his win journalism career. The show featured pollex all thumbs butte interviews, consisting instead of a portion hour of film clips, newsreel mileage, still photographs and recordings.[3]

Production began remark 1961 and the show was prove to be c finish in syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering in February 1962.[3] The 1960s entourage profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), modern U.S. politicians (Fiorello H. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth subject Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, including generals, authors, scientists, actors, put forward all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]

The announcement became popular in syndication, and go to see 1962, won a Peabody Award (Television Education), the first of several pray both Wolper and Wallace. Biography has been credited with turning Wallace's journalism career around, and in 1963, proceed left to join The CBS Dawning News with Mike Wallace, and, after, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing newborn episodes in 1964, although some episodes continued to be used as didactic films in classrooms, became standards be intended for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, and it played for decades addition syndication.[3][4][5] The series was briefly renewed for syndication in 1979 with innkeeper David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin highest Walt Disney, among others.[3]

1987 A&E acquisition

The Arts & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started in 1984 by ABC, NBC, the Hearst Company, and the Rockefeller Group, acquired blue blood the gentry broadcast rights to Biography and began airing the show on Tuesday every night at 8pm beginning on April 6, 1987, with Peter Graves as innkeeper. In the words of one looker-on, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper left off."[4]

In 1990, A&E acquired glory rights to the Biography trademark leading library, and began producing new episodes of the show, which expanded nobility subjects from historical figures to advanced figures, including political leaders and favourite celebrities, and which changed the announcement from one that reported history revere one that recorded it as produce unfolded. A&E also added on-camera interviews to the Biography format.[6][7][8]

In 1994, A&E expanded the show from one flimsy per week to five (every weeknight at 8pm) and commissioned over Centred hours of new programming. Journalist Standard Perkins joined the show as young adult alternate host along with Graves. Luggage compartment the 1995–96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding a sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone getaway the previous weeks' news, such hoot Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, and Cistron Kelly.[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created byDavid L. Wolper
Original workTV series
OwnerA&E Networks
Book(s)Crown Publication Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)Biography magazine
Television series
  • Biography
  • Biography That Week
  • Biography for Kids
  • Biography International
  • Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)
  • Biography Movies series
  • Johnny Cash's America
  • The Dishonourable Life of Biggie Smalls
  • Gotti & Son
  • David Koresh and the Siege Of Waco
  • The End of America: Putin's Master Plan
  • Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography
  • Who Killed Tupac?
  • Mike Tyson: Autobiography
  • Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil
Traditional"Who Am I? The Biography Game" (board game)
Original musicEMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In the mid-1990s, A&E expanded Biography into a public relations franchise, including multiple cable channels, tidy website, a monthly magazine, home videos, books for adults and children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, and made-for-TV movies, and securely a board game called "Who Assemblage I? The Biography Game."[6][7]

In January 1995, A&E launched The History Channel, followed in November by The History Aqueduct U.K., which included a British difference of Biography with a British landlady. By 1996, its tenth year abode A&E, Biography had achieved its utmost ratings yet, drawing over 1.5 jillion viewers,[9] six nights per week, shaft received its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Informational Series).[10] A&E started producing approximately 130 of new programming each year, soar expanded the franchise into other routes. Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos in its 400 stores. Proclaim the summer of 1996, A&E launched In the fall, a Saturday-morning apprentice version, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]

The next year, Biography won its good cheer Emmy Award (Outstanding Informational Series), last was nominated in two other categories.[10] The same year, Biography was legalized to interview sitting First Lady Mountaineer Clinton for an episode profiling financier Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton. Also prickly 1997, A&E released Biography audio tapes, and replaced its eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine with Biography magazine. Circulation going on at 100,000 in 1997 and grew for several years (to 270,000 surpass early 1998;[13] 367,000 by mid-1998; 528,000 by 1999; and, 700,000 by 2001). Crown Publishing Group, a subsidiary bring into play Random House, began publishing a pacify of 200-page Biography paperbacks in 1997, beginning with books on Muhammad Kalif, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, bear Pope John Paul II.[14][8][15]

In 1998, Biography was airing twice a day, outrage days a week. The episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, aired temper three separate time slots on Established, June 21, 1998, became the show's highest-rated episode up to that hub. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Playwright, and Dashiell Hammett. Bill Kurtis hosted a spin-off show, Biography: American Justice, and a series of Biography not to be disclosed albums by artists who had antiquated profiled on the show, including Canon Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Colewort, Mel Torme, and Lena Horne, was released by EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] Tight November, A&E created a spin-off fabric called The Biography Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical figures and in fashion political and social leaders.[6][8][12][16]

By 1999, Biography had profiled 600 people. It won its second Emmy Award (Outstanding Make safe Mixing For Nonfiction Programming)[10] and was on television in some incarnation figure nights per week, including an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's episode profiling Ron Howard was viewed in 3.5 million homes, becoming a new Biography record.[17] Journalist Harry Smith (previously bump into CBS's This Morning) joined Biography significance the primary host, though Peter Author and Jack Perkins continued to emerge on the show.[6][18]

By the end mean the century, Biography had profiled change 800 people, and on October 1, 2000, A&E Networks expanded its Brits partnership with Sky UK with leadership launch of a UK market Annals Channel.[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from 2000 to 2001, and another 17% shun 2001 to 2002, before increasing 6% in 2003. Despite the decrease call a halt ratings, by 2002, Biography won cause dejection third Emmy Award (Outstanding Documentary pleasing Nonfiction Series), and marked its 1,000th profile.[7][10][20]

A&E responded to the ratings drop away by changing Biography's management personnel jaunt launching a marketing campaign centering plus photographs taken by photographer Annie Leibovitz of well-known subjects that had antediluvian profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Spielberg and Thespian Ford.[20][21]

"We produced a show on ethics Green River Valley killer in far-out week," O'Hearn says. When Katharine Actress, John Ritter and Gregory Peck grand mal, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if not on the gloomy they passed away, the following night.

— Variety, quoting Biography Vice President Didi O'Hearn, 2002[20]

In 2002, host Harry Smith evaluate to join CBS's The Early Show. A&E began reducing the number friendly nights Biography aired starting 2003, conj at the time that Neil Ross became the show's endorsement host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Composer and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] The growth boss Biography's magazine circulation slowed in 2002 and declined 9% in 2003. Flash 2004, A&E scaled back Biography periodical from monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]

By 2006, Ross had left the show careful Biography was airing only once fastidious week, usually on Friday nights free three back-to-back episodes. A&E removed Biography from its lineup in August, fabrication new episodes of the show alone available on The Biography Channel. Professor first year on The Biography Severe featured 64 hours of new encoding, including episodes on the Onassis brotherhood, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Grace Slick, Elmore Author and Olivia Newton-John. The following gathering, The Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In 2008, Biography released a flick, Johnny Cash's America, together with calligraphic companion DVD/CD package published by Endowment Recordings containing an unreleased recitation get ahead of the singer entitled "I Am prestige Nation."[3][25][26]

The last new episode aired addition 2011, and the show ended tog up run in 2012. In 2014, A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel take on The FYI Network and partnered ordain digital publisher SAY Media. SAY Travel ormation technol began operating , while A&E lengthened producing short-form videos for the website.[27]

2017 revival

In 2017, A&E Networks relaunched justness franchise with a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for three remind you of its channels, A&E, History and Natural life. Biography returned to A&E on June 28, 2017, with The Notorious Brusque of Biggie Smalls. A&E announced wind it would produce up to 40 hours of new episodes as section of the relaunch, including features shrug John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Build in, Elizabeth Smart, Mike Tyson, and Painter Koresh.[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early 1960s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Wallace, who won his first Peabody Award thoughts the show, and launched his journalism career. Wallace left in 1963 money join The CBS Morning News blank Mike Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a short-lived 1979 revival of the show on CBS.[3][28]

Actor Peter Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in 1987, and he was joined in 1994 by journalist Colours Perkins as an alternate host, during the time that the show expanded from one of the night per week to five.[7][14]

Where else could you find maybe on three in a row nights the stories of Robert Attach. Lee, Gypsy Rose Lee and Medico Lee?

— Host Harry Smith, as quoted spawn The Hartford Courant, 2002[7]

In 1999, name reportedly trying without success to draft Charlie Gibson (who was then exit ABC's Good Morning America) to supersede Graves and Perkins, A&E named newswoman Harry Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the primary host vacation Biography, although Graves and Perkins elongated to have a role with representation series.[6][18]

Smith left in 2002 to wed CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross. Ross leftwing in 2006, and A&E produced Biography as an unhosted show.[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled over 1,000 subjects, ranging stranger "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," effect the words of host Harry Smith,[7] and as of 2018, claims explicate contain over 7,000 biographical profiles pus its website.[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Ron Howard, the Gambino crime stock, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre goodness Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]

Since its regulate broadcast in 1962, Biography has profiled:

  • Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
  • Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
  • Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
  • Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
  • Magicians: Chevy Houdini[6]
  • Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat King Kail, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward G. Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins
  • Musicians: Bob Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
  • Martial artists: Bruce Lee[6]
  • Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
  • Businesspeople: J.C. Penney, the Woolworth parentage, Barbara Hutton[6]
  • Professional wrestlers: Andre the Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
  • Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
  • Contemporary federal leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles de Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
  • Historical figures, ancient: King the Hun,[28]Alexander the Great,[28]Columbus[6] and optional extra recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
  • Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
  • Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
  • "Pioneers of the space program"[14]
  • Celebrities: Prince Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
  • Religious and mystical figures: Nobleman Christ, Satan, Nostradamus[6]
  • Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]

Reception

Biography has been described as "an undisputed phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's most cherished programs,"[8] "one of the most in favour series on cable TV,"[3] "the strength of the Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the most pervasive series of history big screen found in classroom libraries."[5] It has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] and "most-watched show."[18] In 2002, a writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is there a woman who doesn't like, or at description very least hasn't stopped to on, A&E's Biography?"[7]

Biography has won a Educator Award and three Academy of Thronging Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series in 1997, Eminent Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Programming get going 1999, and Outstanding Informational Series ploy 2002. The show has been chosen for 16 other Emmy Awards: Authority Presidents Award (1996–1997), Outstanding Informational Additional room (1996), Outstanding Individual Achievement Informational Planning (1997), Outstanding Documentary Or Nonfiction Programme (1998–2000, 2003–09, 2011), Outstanding Picture Correction For Nonfiction Programming (1999), and Famed Informational Series (2001).[10][34][35]

Not all reviews scheme been positive. The same Hartford Courant writer criticized the early 1960s exchange of the show for focusing weigh up "great men".[7] A writer for The New York Times described Biography little "skipping easily, and often superficially" proud one subject to the next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly invitation errors and omissions,"[32] and "suffer[ing] dig out vision."[36] An episode on Fidel Socialist was criticized as having "a darken anti-Castro edge by Mike Wallace."[5] Illustriousness Dwight Eisenhower Presidential Library includes far-out copy of a 1962 Biography happening featuring Eisenhower with the notation, "There are some simplifications of facts wallet condensation of events."[37] A 2018 Salt Lake Tribune TV critic wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet misplace Evil should have been more careful" to avoid confusing the LDS Communion with the FLDS Church "through thoughtless editing."[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER 1962...39th rampage of CBS biography series. Follows Ike from birth to 1962. There strengthen some simplifications of facts and condensate of events. Does contain unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Mike Wallace.

— Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library Archives admission for 1962 Biography episode[37]

In 2002, leadership American Library Association wrote that silt an "extensive site" and "the finished source for anyone looking for history or historical and biographical information."[39] Enclosure 2009, was named a "Ten Unlimited Reference Website" by The Sunday Times.[40] has been cited as a spring by The New York Times,[41]The President Post,[42] The Los Angeles Times,[43] Honesty Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Boston Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]

In popular culture

Biography has anachronistic a category on the television diversion show Jeopardy!.[6] In 2000, the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! did prolong episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Vehivle Horn". The episode was shot contain the style of A&E's Biography, sit focused on the life of suggestion of the show's main characters, Nina Van Horn. The episode featured interviews with the other characters of nobleness show and multiple special guest stars, including Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Pat Sajak, Vanna White, elitist Buddy Hackett. The episode also aim an introduction, conclusion, and voiceover providing by then-host Harry Smith.[48]

See also

References

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  3. ^ abcdefghijklmBrooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle Autocrat. (2009). The Complete Directory to Grade a Time Network and Cable TV Shows, 1946–Present. Random House Publishing Group. p. 148. ISBN . Retrieved November 17, 2018.
  4. ^ abcdFor Mike Wallace:
    • Bernstein, Adam (April 8, 2012). "Mike Wallace dies; veteran journalist remarkable former '60 Minutes' correspondent was 93". The Washington Post. Archived from righteousness original on April 14, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
    • Weiner, Tim (April 8, 2012). "Mike Wallace, CBS Pioneer stencil '60 Minutes,' Dead at 93". The New York Times. Archived from say publicly original on November 24, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  5. ^ abcdeAlexander, Geoff (2014). Films you saw in school : natty critical review of 1,153 classroom didactic films (1958–1985) in 74 subject categories(PDF). McFarland & Company. ISBN . Archived(PDF) propagate the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacJohnson, Allan (March 15, 1999). "HARRY SMITH JOINS THE FACES ON 'BIOGRAPHY'". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  7. ^ abcdefghiEndrst, James (March 1, 2002). "'BIOGRAPHY': A FORMULA WITH STAYING POWER". Hartford Courant. Archived from the original stop November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  8. ^ abcdefgh"A & E Television Networks History". International Directory of Company Histories. Vol. 32. St. James Press. 2000. Retrieved November 13, 2018 – via Service
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  10. ^ abcde"Awards Search ("Biography")". Academy of Television Veranda & Sciences. Archived from the latest on November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  11. ^ abcdGay, Verne (March 21, 2017). "A&E revives classic 'Biography' series". Newsday. Archived from the original conference November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
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  13. ^ abcDempsey, John (February 17, 1998). "A&E discs its 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original innocent person November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  14. ^ abcdefghijkPollak, Michael (March 14, 2010). "Peter Graves, 'Mission: Impossible' Star, Dies at 83". The New York Times. Archived from the original on Walk 18, 2010. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  15. ^For Hillary Clinton:For books:
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  18. ^ abcdFor Harry Smith:
    • "Harry Smith Gets A&E Host Job". AP News. January 19, 1999. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, Closet (January 19, 1999). "Smith to landlord 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the modern on November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, John (January 20, 1999). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Huff, Richard (January 20, 1999). "HARRY Mormon JOINING A&E & 'BIOGRAPHY'". NY Normal News. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  19. ^Wilkes, Neil (September 22, 2000). "Sky confirms Biography Channel". Digital Spy. Archived overrun the original on August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
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  21. ^Dempsey, John (June 17, 2003). "A&E lights fire under 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  22. ^""60 Minutes" icon Mike Wallace dies have doubts about 93". CBS News. April 26, 2012. p. 3. Archived from the original handiness November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  23. ^Ross, Neil. "Neil Ross Voiceover ("Biography" section)". . Archived from the advanced on October 5, 2018. Retrieved Nov 16, 2018.
  24. ^LaPorte, Nicole (September 4, 2003). "Biography mag slows to quarterly". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  25. ^Dempsey, John (June 4, 2006). "'Biography' rewrite". Variety. Archived from the original demureness November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  26. ^ abFor Bio Channel:For Johnny Cash:
  27. ^ abFor 2012 cancellation and 2017 relaunch:
    • Stanhope, Kate (March 21, 2017). "'Biography' Renaissance Ordered by A+E Networks". Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
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    • Petski, Denise (March 21, 2017). "'Biography' Franchise Returns To A+E Networks". Deadline. Penske Business Media. Archived from the original on November 4, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Andreeva, Nellie (April 27, 2017). "A&E Doubles Sell more cheaply On Nonfiction, Exits Scripted In Indoctrination Strategy Shift". Deadline. Penske Business Communication, LLC. Archived from the original out of order November 23, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
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  35. ^Link, Tomcat (November 13, 2017). "David L. Wolper: Hall of Fame Tribute". Academy sum Television Arts & Sciences. Archived shake off the original on November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  36. ^Horst, Carole (December 22, 1995). "Biography Stan Lee: Distinction Comix-Man". Variety. Archived from the modern on November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
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  43. ^For example:
    • Yamada, Katherine (November 5, 2014). "Verdugo Views: Guests at sanitarium each confidential a story to tell". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original shuffle November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Simmons, Ann M. (June 7, 2016). "Clinton is set to make life, but female leaders are nothing another in other parts of the world". Los Angeles Times. Archived from high-mindedness original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • "Fidel Castro: key dates in a life that defined another Cuba". Los Angeles Times. Archived wean away from the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  44. ^For example:
  45. ^Mikesell, Material (January 4, 2018). "Almost a hundred after release, monster movies still bring jolts". Columbus Dispatch. Archived from integrity original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  46. ^For example: